Pineal Region Tumors:
The role of the pineal gland as it pertains to human neurological function has mystified generations of those examining it. Even anatomists from ancient times knew of the pineal gland. Its eloquent location has it surrounded by many very important structures including the III Ventricle, brainstem, corpus callosum and plenty of venous structures.
Pineal region tumors are rare and represent approximately 1% of all intracranial tumors. The classification is based on the tissue substrate in the pineal gland and/or region. Germ cell tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors, tumors of supportive tissues and adjacent structures and metastasis make up the neoplastic conditions. There are also non-neoplastic conditions in this area such as cysts that can be found.
The symptoms of pineal region tumors can be extensive and the work up can include CT and MRI scans as well as CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) analysis to look for tumor markers.
Treatment can include the following:
- shunting procedure or endoscopic III ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus.
- CSF can be taken at the time
- Some form of a biopsy may be necessary
- Several surgical approaches are available for resection depending upon the location
- Additional treatment can include chemotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery (i.e. Gamma Knife).